In this paper, we propose an adaptive triangular deployment algorithm that can adjust sensor distribution depending on the\nvariation in communication performance in an underwater environment. To predict the distance between sensor nodes, a\nperformance surface model is implemented by estimating the communication performance based on spatio-temporal\nenvironment factors affecting the communication performance of the underwater sensor node. Subsequently, the performance\nsurface model is applied to the adaptive triangular deployment algorithm and is used to control the distance between nodes.\nTherefore, underwater wireless sensor networks deployed with adaptive triangular deployment algorithms can achieve a\nmaximum connectivity rate with an optimal number of nodes.
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